PHOTO DESCRIPTIONS (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT)

 An old J.H. Lowe tenon turner is used to turn the 8.5" vulcanite churchwarden stem. The stem is then
 bent to shape and polished using four grades of polishing compounds to achieve a very high luster.

 The stummel has been sanded to 2000 grit, stamped, and stained with an alcohol-based stain.
 Carnuba wax was charged on a muslin wheel and applied to the stummel. Here the wax is being
 buffed to a hard, high-gloss finish on the buffing wheel.

 The finished product with standard stem.

 The finished product with churchwarden stem.